Labeling theory

Define: In a way, this theory combines conflict theory and symbolic interaction as it examines the power of labels in society. It emphasizes deviance as relative and explains the process by which select people, groups, or institutions (typically those with power) are able to label others as deviance.\

--         Loney, K.(n.d.). Sociological theories to explain deviance. retrieved from:      http://ww2.valdosta.edu/~klowney/devtheories.htm

Apply: In social work labeling theory is very relevant. It is not until clients, communities,behaviors etc. are labeled, that they are considered as something besides the 'norm'. It is often times this labeling process that stigmatizes the community that we desire to work with and makes it seem as somewhat less desirable than the community that has not been labeled as outside of the norm. Often times the work we do as professionals is to merely breakdown the stigma placed on those we work with.

Adapt: Another field that this theory is applicable to is the field of criminology. In criminology, once a is labeled or seen as deviant, the person engaging in that behavior is considered deviant. This can often lead to what is known as the self fulfilling prophecy, which is when a person is so overwhelmed by the label placed on them by others, they start to conform to the label.