Definition: Human beings affiliate in response to stress. Under conditions of threat, they tend to offspring to ensure their survival and connect with others (befriend) for joint protection and comfort.
Taylor, S. (2011). Tend and befriend theory. Handbook of theories of social psychology, 1, 32-49
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Application: Human beings have the need to have contact with others to ensure safety from threat. Therefore, for community development, it is important to understand the intrinsic motivation behind organizing, one reason may be due to threat such as a natural disaster. Community organizers can also use this theory to understand the opportunities behind organizing after a stressful situation.
Adaptation: This theory can be used in medical disciplines. Hospitals should make sure that patients can interact and feel comfort from other patients because being in the hospital is often a threatening place due to loss of autonomy or fear of death.
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